Linux打包命令的使用
经过一番研究、整理后，充分利用Linux系统本身的命令tar、cpio和compress等来做到打包和压缩，使之充当类似DOS下的压缩软件，同时在Linux系统中亦具有通用性。
在Linux系统中，是先通过cpio或tar将众多的文件打包成一个文件库后，再用compress将文件库压缩来达到目的的。下面分别以cpio和tar来说明使用的方法和步骤。
一、cpio
1、打包文件或目录
a、含子目录打包：
$ find /usr/lib －print|cpio -o〉/u0/temp1.cpio
将/usr/lib目录下的文件与子目录打包成一个文件库为/u0/temp1.cpio。
若通过-o选项来打包整个目录下的所有文件与子目录，常先利用find目录名-print来找出所有文件与子目录的名称，通过管道"|"传给cpio打包。
b、不含子目录的打包：
$ ls /usr/lib|cpio -o〉/u0/temp1.cpio
将/usr/lib目录下的文件(不含子目录下的文件)打包成一个文件库为/u0/temp1.cpio。
c、特定文件打包：
可利用文本搜索命令grep与管道配合，可以排除或选择特定类型的文件传给cpio打包。例如：
$ ls /usr/lib/＊.c|cpio -o〉/u0/temp1.cpio
$ ls /usr/lib|grep ′.c＄′|cpio -o〉/u0/temp1.cpio
意思均为找出/usr/lib目录下以.c结尾的文件予以打包。
又如：
$ ls /usr/lib|grep abcd|cpio -o〉/u0/temp1.cpio
其意为找出/usr/lib目录下文件名中含有abcd字符的文件予以打包。
$ ls /usr/lib|grep -v abcd|cpio -o〉/u0/temp1.cpio
其意为找出/usr/lib目录下文件名中不含 abcd 字符的文件予以打包。而-v选项在grep命令中的意思是排除含有字符串的行列。如此，可充分利用Linux的管道和一些命令的强大功能来实现文件的打包。
2、压缩：
文件打包完成后，即可用Linux中的compress命令(/usr/bin下)压缩打包文件。对一般的文本文件，压缩率较高，可达81％。
$ compress /u0/temp1.cpio
将文件库/u0/temp1.cpio压缩为/u0/temp1.cpio.Z(自动添加.Z并删除/u0/temp1.cpio)。
3、解压：
$ uncompress /u0/temp1.cpio.Z
自动还原为/u0/temp1.cpio。
4、解包展开：
将按原目录结构解包展开到当前所在目录下。若以相对路径打包的，当解包展开时，也是以相对路径存放展开的文件数据；若以绝对路径打包的，当解包展开时，也是以绝对路径存放展开的文件数据。因此注意若为相对路径，应先进入相应的目录下再展开。
$ cd /u1 $ cpio -id〈/u0/tmp1.cpio # 若加u选项，也就是-uid，则文件若存在将被覆盖，即强制覆盖
将/u0/temp1.cpio解压到/u1下(这里假设temp1.cpio以相对路径压缩)。
$ cpio -id〈/u0/temp1.cpio ＊.c
展开其中的＊.c文件，类似于DOS系统中的Pkzip软件中Pkunzip -d temp1.zip解包功能。
5、显示
$ cpio -it〈/u0/temp1.cpio [＊.c]
显示文件库内的文件名称，类似于DOS系统中的Pkzip软件中Pkunzip -vbnm temp1.zip功能。
二、tar
1、打包文件或目录：
$ tar -cvf /u0/temp2.tar /usr/lib
将/usr/lib目录下的文件与子目录打包成一个文件库为/u0/temp2.tar。
$ tar -cvf /u0/temp2.tar /usr/lib ＊.c ＊.f
将/usr/lib目录下的＊.c ＊.f等文件(不含子目录)打包。
注意：如果指定文件如＊.c ＊.f或＊.＊，则打包时均不含子目录。如果指定为.或＊，则含子目录。
2、压缩：
同上面的方式：
$ compress /u0/temp2.tar
压缩为/u0/temp2.tar.Z。
3、解压：
$ uncompress /u0/temp2.tar.Z
还原为/u0/temp2.tar。
4、解包展开：
tar -xvf /u0/temp2.tar
若以相对路径打包的，解包时，以相对路径存放展开的文件数据；若以绝对路径打包的，解包时，以绝对路径存放展开的文件数据；若指定展开的文件名，须注意文件的目录路径。
5、显示：
$ tar -tvf /u0/temp2.tar
显示文件库内的文件名称；当指定文件名时，亦须注意文件的路径。
最后是对比：
1、tar速度比cpio慢，且不能跨越两份存储媒体，但文件格式几乎在所有的Linux系统中都能通用，且使用简便。
2、cpio则由于可通过管道功能，使得其打包时的文件选择、排除功能非常强，且能跨越多份媒体，并能备份特殊的系统文件。
3、压缩命令compress比DOS下的Pkzip的压缩率要低些。经测试，在一个目录下527个文本文件共15.7MB，在Linux打包后用compress压缩，大小为 2.1MB；相同的文件拷到DOS系统用Pkzip压缩，则大小为1.4MB。
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